Introduction

We know that there are on working fuel cars are there nowadays. But we also know that these cars are polluting the environment.

These cars pollution are:

Air pollution.

2. Noise pollution.

1.Air pollution

We know that air pollution means which pollutes the air. Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particles, volatile organic compounds, and sulfur dioxide. These air worms the temperature of the earth. Humans and animals are in some places are suffocated because of this polluted air.

These air pollutes the air.

2. Noise pollution

We know that noise pollution means which make more sound. The sound of cars comes from engines and from putting various types of the silencer. These sounds disturbed the Environment.

Like these silencer which makes more sound

How the electric cars work?

1. We know that electric cars mean it will work on electricity. Now we get question that how we will store electric energy? But answer is there BATTERY. And that battery is big. Then you will thought where we will keep that? The answer is easy that is on the base of the car. The amount of these battery is up to cars 30% of price. To make these battery they use lithium-ion. There are many reasons to using lithium-ion battery that are: First is the lithium is very light in weight and when battery is heavy then car will not move in speed. These battery is not very big, it is small but they are joint each other. Small means that which we are using in mobiles, laptop, etc.

These is small lithium-ion battery

2. Now they joint the battery in more amount to that pull the car. These battery are joint in most in parallel. There is one more technology that to joint three to four layer. Then it will fit on 1000 of numbers of small battery. To form these battery there are coming two difficulties:

First is how to joint these when we will joint with copper then it increases the internal resistance then it not works to more time. Then they are jointing with nickel strip because it joint pack and it connect pack And it need more amount of nickel to joint.

The lithium-ion battery are joint with each other with help of nickel strip

3. Second is that when we joint 1000 to 7000 batteries, then when we are charging battery like these will happen when we put to charge than some battery will more charge and some will not charge. And like these also happen when we gone with car the front side battery near motor will discharge and other is fare it not discharge. To solve these problem there one system that is Battery Management System[B.M.S] these system charge batteries equally and when car works the it discharge battery equally because of these power becomes in balancing and car works smoothly. In one car there are 7000 lithium-ion batteries.

These image is of some are charge and some not or some are not

discharge and some are discharge.

These image is of Battery Management System[B.M.S]

4.These battery supplies D.C [ Direct current ] but we have convert into A.C [ Alternating current ]. These D.C current move to Inverter and it make these current to 3 phase A.C current. These current moves to motor. And these motor move in constant speed. The car move in smooth. In these car there is less vibration compare to fuel engine.

Inverter of Electric car

5. The big problem in fuel car and electric car is increasing the heat. Now see that battery will become hot then problem can become.Where battery is put there, in middle-middle of battery they are set the cooling pipes these pipes are very small in size. In these pipe they are putting glycol liquid which is very cold. when hot air is coming then it releases from back side of car. Battery is not getting chance because of the glycol liquid.We can decreases these chances by putting coolant system.

Diagram of coolant system.

6. There very nice process of regenerating breaking system. When we push the break then the break pedal is coming contact of wheal and these break pedal is attached with one motor. Then the motor is rotating and it is charging the battery. How much you will break the car that much it will charge. In fuel car there is opposite of electric car. When we break the car after that when we accelerate the car then it will tack much fuel.

Diagram of regenerating breaking system.

7.There is main problem in these is of about charging when we charge 1 time it moves about 400-500 kilo meter. There is more amount of time will required to charge to in normal current. We need high voltage super charger to charge the car in 30 minutes.

Image of high voltage super charger of electric car.

8. There nice profit to put battery in the floor of car. Because we not need another place to keep the battery in car and the load will in down side then car will not overturn any side. When crash test is there of electric car euro-N.C.A.P [ New Car Assessment Program] in these they are doing accident of all sides and all angels to test that how much human will safe. In these test they are not sitting human in car they are putting robot to test car. In these test electric car are taking easily 5 rating and in fuel car there is more difficulties to take 5 rating in these test. In India TATA company has more rating to all cars in these test.

These is image of N.C.A.P test.

9.There are nice profit of electric are:

First is there will not vibration in electric car as compare to fuel car.

Second is the air pollution of car will totally stop.

Third is we are investing in amount of corer rupees to bey crude oil for car then these will stop in more amount. In one drum there 159 liters of crude oil.